Summary
DLNA is a common standard for media devices today. UPnP is the underlying discovery/control protocol for DLNA. UPnP relies on IP multicast for the device discovery. I'll discuss how to make UPnP functional in a segmented network. Specifically, I'll show how to configure a Cisco multi-layer switch for multicast routing to VLANs.
Environment
Figure 1 below depicts the target environment for this discussion. A UPnP media server is connected to a Layer 3 switch via EtherChannel. Clients (media players) are located on separate VLANs on that same switch.
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| Figure 1 |
The Discovery protocol (SSDP) of UPnP relies on IP Multicast. The multicast address used is 239.255.255.250.
Implementation
Step 1: Turn on multicast routing.
switch(config)#ip multicast-routing distributed
Step 2: Configure PIM on the interface(s) to the Media Server. In this case, a Port Channel interface. Sparse-Dense or Dense mode will work.
switch(config)#int port-channel1 switch(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode
Step 3: Configure the VLAN interfaces to pass IGMP traffic.
switch(config-if)#int vlan2 switch(config-if)#ip pim passive
Step 4: Verify multicast routing is functional. 192.168.1.3 represents the UPnP media server. 192.168.2.113 is a media player client of that server.
switch#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,
L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,
T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet,
X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,
U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,
Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender,
Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group,
V - RD & Vector, v - Vector
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode
(*, 239.255.255.250), 01:59:36/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Vlan6, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:31:17/00:02:41
(192.168.2.113, 239.255.255.250), 00:01:11/00:01:52, flags: PT
Incoming interface: Vlan2, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list: Null
(192.168.1.3, 239.255.255.250), 01:59:36/00:02:53, flags: T
Incoming interface: Port-channel1, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Vlan6, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:31:17/00:02:41
(*, 224.0.1.40), 03:51:35/00:02:28, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DCL
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list:
Port-channel1, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:59:37/stopped
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